Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are investigations of relatively frequent single nucleotide variations to establish their connection with a particular phenotype or with a particular clinical condition. The approach includes analyzing the genomes of several populations in search of genomic variations that are more prevalent in individuals with a certain disease »
The laboratory technique known as "next-generation sequencing" widely encompasses some different technologies that enable massively parallel sequencing technologies, and provide ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a powerful tool to identify genetic variants and variable gene expression patterns that correlate with disease states and »
Biofortification is the process of creating micronutrient-rich food crops by conventional breeding or genetic alteration utilizing modern biotechnology. This is a realistic and cost-effective source of conveying micronutrients to those populations who have limited access to different diets and other micronutrient interventions. It differs from ordinary fortification and it focuses »
Plastic pollution has become a serious environmental concern in recent years as a result of the fast manufacture of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), a single-use plastic. It is prevalent in Asian and African countries due to ineffective garbage pickup methods. Plastic trash has become a huge issue for marine and terrestrial »
MicroRNAs are endogenous RNAs of 20–24 nucleotides that target a single spot in their target mRNA and are processed by Dicer-like (DCL) proteins from poorly paired hairpin precursor RNAs. While miRNAs have a role in the biotic and abiotic stress response, signal transduction, protein degradation, and growth and development »
Tomato spotted wilt virus is a globally prevalent plant disease that threatens thousands of plants in a persistent and propagative way. Early disease identification is predicted to be capable of controlling disease transmission, facilitating management practice, and ensuring associated economic advantages. Hyperspectral imaging, a powerful remote sensing tool has been »
Mitochondria are the power generators of cells that play a diversity of physiological and metabolic roles under conditions of abiotic or biotic stress. They are embedded in responses to an astonishing variety of stresses, from drought, salinity, light, toxins, herbivorous attacks, and pathogen attacks. However, involvement in such a wide »
To satisfy the increasing demand for food from the growing human population along with climate change, cultured meat (also called in vitro, artificial or lab-grown meat) can be a potential protein source for the world population. Meat substitutes are currently gaining attention as a way to overcome the shortage of »
RNA interference (RNAi) is a useful technology that is being used more frequently to protect crops against viruses, fungi, and insect pests. A non-transgenic technique that depends on spray application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to induce RNAi is called spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). It has gained popularity due to its »
Base editing is a CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing technique that allows point mutations in DNA to be introduced without causing double-strand breaks (DSBs). There are two types of base editors: cytidine base editors (CBEs) that enable C>T conversions and adenine base editors (ABEs) that allow A>G conversions. »
Edible vaccines are less expensive, easily administrable, storable, and are widely accepted as bio-friendly, particularly in developing countries. Oral administration of edible vaccines appears to be a promising agent for reducing the incidence of various diseases such as hepatitis and diarrhea, where vaccine preservation and management problem. Edible vaccines are »
